Scholasticism marked a shift in focus from which thinker to another around the 13th century?

The correct answer highlights the transition in philosophical thought from Plato to Aristotle during the era of Scholasticism around the 13th century. Scholasticism was a method of critical thought that dominated teaching by the academics ("schoolmen") of medieval universities in Europe. This period was characterized by a focus on reconciling classical philosophy, particularly that of the ancient Greeks, with the theological teachings of the Church.

Plato's emphasis on ideals and forms contrasted with Aristotle's more empirical and observational approach to understanding reality. In the context of Scholasticism, thinkers began to prioritize Aristotle's empirical methods and logical reasoning, which provided a foundation for integrating philosophical inquiry with religious principles. Aristotle's works were reintroduced to Western thought through translations and commentaries, allowing academic scholars to explore his concepts in greater depth than ever before.

This shift was significant because it laid the groundwork for future developments in philosophy, science, and the relationship between faith and reason, moving away from the predominantly idealistic framework of Plato. The renewed interest in Aristotle's ideas ultimately influenced many later thinkers and marked a pivotal change in the intellectual landscape of the time.