What philosophical principle suggests that the simplest explanation with the fewest assumptions is preferable?

The principle that suggests the simplest explanation with the fewest assumptions is preferable is Ockham's razor. This philosophical guideline, attributed to the 14th-century Franciscan friar William of Ockham, posits that when presented with competing hypotheses about the same prediction, one should select the solution with the least complexity. In other words, unnecessary variables should be eliminated in favor of a simpler, more straightforward explanation.

This principle is widely applicable across various fields including science, philosophy, and psychology. Its utility lies in avoiding overcomplication when trying to understand phenomena, thereby facilitating clearer thinking and more effective problem-solving.

While dualism focuses on the distinction between mind and body, nominalism deals with the nature of universals and their existence. Essentialism relates to the belief in an underlying essence that defines individuals or categories. None of these concepts address the criterion of simplicity and minimal assumptions in explanation as Ockham's razor does.