Which of the following concepts is NOT associated with Thomas Hobbes?

Thomas Hobbes is primarily known for his materialistic views, which assert that everything in the universe, including thoughts and emotions, can be explained in terms of matter and physical processes. He is also associated with empiricism, emphasizing the role of sensory experience in the acquisition of knowledge.

Dualism, on the other hand, is the philosophical concept that posits the existence of two distinct realms: the mental (mind) and the physical (body). This view is often linked to other philosophers like René Descartes rather than Hobbes. Hobbes' materialism contradicts dualism as he argued that everything is fundamentally material.

Monism, which asserts that everything is one and that the mind and body are part of a single substance, is somewhat compatible with Hobbes' materialistic views, but it is not a central concept in his philosophy. Thus, dualism stands out as the concept that does not align with Hobbes’ theoretical framework.